Converters are power electronic circuits that convert AC voltage to DC voltage. - Full-converter Uses only controlled rectifiers (like thyristors) and can operate in both rectification and inversion modes. - Semi-converter Uses a combination of diodes (uncontrolled rectifiers) and thyristors (controlled rectifiers). It can only operate in rectification mode. - Half-wave converter Rectifies only one half of the AC input waveform. - Pulse mode Refers to the number of output voltage pulses per input cycle. More pulses result in a smoother output voltage.