According to system approach, Carzo and Yanouzas identify which of the following elements as sub-systems? 1.Technical sub-system 2. Goals and value sub-system 3. Power sub-system 4. Structural sub-system 5. Social sub-system

The correct answer is: A. 1, 2 and 4

Carzo and Yanouzas identified four subsystems of an organization: technical, goals and values, power, and structural.

• The technical subsystem is concerned with the transformation of inputs into outputs. This includes the production process, the equipment used, and the skills of the workers.
• The goals and values subsystem is concerned with the organization's mission, objectives, and values. This includes the organization's culture and the way in which it makes decisions.
• The power subsystem is concerned with the distribution of power and influence within the organization. This includes the formal authority structure, as well as the informal networks of influence.
• The structural subsystem is concerned with the organization's design and structure. This includes the division of labor, the hierarchy of authority, and the communication channels.

Option A is the only option that includes all four of these subsystems. Option B does not include the power subsystem. Option C does not include the technical subsystem. Option D does not include the goals and values subsystem.