- Census data provides vital demographic information about India's population distribution, sex ratio, literacy, density, etc. - Sex ratio is the number of females per 1000 males. Low sex ratios in Haryana and Punjab were a significant demographic concern. - Population density is the number of persons per square kilometer. Arunachal Pradesh consistently has the lowest density due to its mountainous terrain and sparse population. - Literacy rate is the percentage of the population aged 7 and above who can read and write. Kerala has historically shown high performance in both literacy and sex ratio indicators.