While recombinant DNA technology allows joining DNA segments from different species (e.g., inserting a gene from one species into a plasmid or chromosome of another to create a transgenic organism), creating an entire functional chromosome de novo by simply joining arbitrary "segments of DNA taken from cells of different species" is significantly more complex. A functional chromosome requires precise organization of elements like origins of replication, centromeres, and telomeres that are species-specific in their function and interaction with cellular machinery. Simply joining random segments from different species is unlikely to yield a functional chromosome capable of stable replication and segregation within a cell.
Transfer across different species of plants: Yes, this is common in developing Genetically Modified (GM) crops, for example, transferring herbicide resistance genes between plant species or varieties. 2. From animals to plants: Yes, while perhaps not as common as plant-to-plant or microorganism-to- plant transfers for agricultural purposes, it is technically possible to transfer genes from animals to plants using genetic engineering techniques. This has been explored in research for various purposes. 3. From microorganisms to higher organisms: Yes, this is a very common application. For instance, transferring genes from bacteria (like the Bt gene) to plants for pest resistance (e.g., Bt cotton), or inserting genes from humans into bacteria or yeast for the production of therapeutic proteins like insulin. 159. With reference to the recent developments in science, which one of the following statements is not correct?
Asked in UPSC IAS 2019 · Topic: Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (Recombinant DNA Technology: Principles, Tools (Restriction Enzymes, Ligases, Vectors))
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Answer: A. Functional chromosomes can be created by joining segments of DNA taken from cells of different species.
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