Paper II
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APPSC Mains syllabus

Paper II

Syllabus as published by the APPSC. Always confirm against the latest official notification.

374 syllabus topics in the commission's order; 259 have notes. Open a topic to read its notes, then practise with the daily mains questions.

  1. A .History and Culture of India:Notes
  2. Pre-Historic Cultures in IndiaAsked in 2023, 2020
    1. Indus Valley CivilizationNotes
    2. Vedic CultureNotes
    3. MahajanapadasNotes coming
    4. Emergence of New Religions-Jainism, BuddhismNotes
    5. Rise of the Magadha and Age of the MauryasNotes
    6. Ashoka DharmaNotes coming
    7. Foreign Invasions on IndiaNotes
    8. The KushansNotes coming
    9. The Satavahanas, the Sangam Age in South IndiaNotes
    10. The SungasNotes coming
    11. The GuptasNotes
    12. The Kanauj and their ContributionsNotes
    13. Historical Accounts of Foreign travelersNotes
    14. Early Educational InstitutionsNotes
  3. The Pallavas, the Badami Chalukyas, the Eastern Chalukyas, the…Asked in 2023, 2011
    1. The Pallavas, the Badami Chalukyas, the Eastern Chalukyas, the Rashtrakutas, the Kalyani Chalukyas and the CholasNotes coming
    2. Socio Cultural Contributions, Language, Literature Art and ArchitectureNotes
    3. Delhi SultanatesNotes
    4. Advent of Islam and its ImpactNotes
    5. ReligiousNotes
  4. Movements like Bhakti and Sufi and Its InfluenceAsked in 2017
    1. Growth of Vernacular Languages, Scripts, Literature, Fine ArtsNotes
    2. Socio Cultural Conditions of the Kakatiyas, the Vijayanagaras, the Bahmanis, the Qutubsahis and their contemporary South Indian kingdomsNotes coming
  5. The Mughals Administration, Socio-Religious life and Cultural developmentsAsked in 2023, 2021, 2020
    1. Shivaji and Rise of Maratha EmpireNotes
    2. Advent of Europeans in IndiaNotes
    3. Trade practicesNotes coming
    4. Rise of East India Company its HegemonyNotes
    5. Changes in Administration, Social and Cultural spheresNotes
    6. Role of Christian MissionariesNotes
  6. Rise of British rule in India from 1757 to 1856- Land Revenue…Asked in 2023, 2021, 2020, 2017, 2015, 2011Notes
    1. Rise of British rule in India from 1757 to 1856- Land Revenue Settlement, Permanent Settlement, Ryothvari and MahalvariNotes coming
    2. 1857 Revolt and its ImpactNotes
    3. Education, Press, Cultural changesNotes coming
    4. Rise of National Consciousness and ChangesNotes
    5. Socio-Religious Reform Movements in 19 centuryNotes
    6. Rajaram Mohan Roy, Dayananda Saraswathi, Swamy Vivekananda, Annie Besant, Sir Syed Ahmad Khan and othersNotes coming
    7. Rise of Indian NationalismNotes
    8. Activities of Indian National CongressNotes
    9. Vandemataram, Home Rule MovementsNotes
    10. Self Respect MovementNotes
    11. Jyothiba Phule, Narayana Guru, Periyar Ramaswamy NaickerNotes coming
    12. Role of Mahatma Gandhi, Subhash Chandra Bose, Vallabai PatelNotes
    13. SatyagrahaNotes coming
    14. Quit India MovementNotes
    15. Dr B.R. Ambedkar and his ContributionsNotes coming
  7. Indian Nationalism in three phasesAsked in 2023, 2021, 2020, 2017, 2015, 2011Notes
    1. Freedom Struggle 1885-1905, 1905-1920 and Gandhi Phase 1920-1947Notes
    2. Peasant, Women, Tribal and Workers MovementsNotes
    3. Role of Different parties in Freedom StruggleNotes
    4. Local and Regional MovementsNotes
    5. Inter Religious Unity and CommunalismNotes
    6. Independence and Partition of IndiaNotes
    7. India after IndependenceNotes coming
    8. Rehabilitation after partitionNotes coming
    9. Linguistic Re-organization of StatesNotes coming
    10. Integration of the Indian StatesNotes coming
    11. Indian ConstitutionNotes coming
    12. Economic policiesNotes
    13. Foreign Policy InitiativesNotes
  8. B .History and Culture of Andhra Pradesh:Notes
  9. AncientAsked in 2021, 2011
    1. The Satavahanas, the Ikshvakus, the Salankayanas, the Pallavas and the Vishnukundins- -Social and Economic ConditionsNotes coming
    2. Religion, Language (Telugu), Literature, Art and ArchitectureNotes
    3. Jainism and Buddhism in AndhraNotes
    4. The Eastern Chalukyas, the Rashtrakutas, the Renati Cholas and othersNotes
    5. Socio-Cultural life, ReligionNotes
    6. Telugu Script and Language, Literature, Art and ArchitectureNotes
  10. MedievalAsked in 2023, 2017Notes
    1. Socio- Cultural and Religious Conditions in Andhradesa 1000 to 1565 A.D.-Antiquity, Origin and Growth Telugu Language and Literature (KavitrayaNotes
    2. Asthadiggajas)Notes coming
    3. Fine Arts, Art& Architecture during the reign of Kakatiyas, Reddis, Gajapatis and Vijayanagaras and their feudatoriesNotes coming
  11. Historical Monuments-Significance, Contribution of Qutubshahis to…Notes
    1. Historical Monuments-Significance, Contribution of Qutubshahis to Andhra History and Culture-Regional LiteratureNotes
    2. Praja Kavi -Vemana and othersNotes coming
  12. ModernAsked in 2023, 2020, 2017, 2015
    1. European Trade Establishments in AndhraNotes
    2. Andhra Under the Company RuleNotes
    3. Role of Christian MissionariesNotes
    4. Socio-Cultural, Literary AwakeningNotes
    5. C.P. Brown, Thamos Munro, Mackenzie-Zamindary, Polegary SystemNotes
    6. Native States and Little Kings.Role of Social ReformersNotes coming
    7. Gurajada Apparao, Kandukuri Veeresalingam, Raghupati Venkataratnam Naidu, Gidugu Ramamurthy, Annie Besant and othersNotes
    8. Library Movement in Andhra PradeshNotes
    9. Role of News PaperNotes
    10. Folk and Tribal Culture, Oral Traditions, Subaltern Culture, Role of womenNotes
  13. Nationalist MovementAsked in 2017
    1. Role of Andhra leadersNotes
    2. Justice Party, Non-Brahmin MovementNotes
    3. Nationalist and Revolutionary LiteratureNotes
    4. Gurram Jashva, Boyi Bheemanna, Sri Sri, Garimella Satyanarayana, Rayaprolu Subbarao, Unnava Lakshminarayana, Tripuraneni Ramaswamy Choudhary and others, Andhra Mahasabhas, Andhra Movement- prominent leadersNotes coming
    5. Alluri Sitaramraju, Duggirala Gopalakrishnaiah, Konda Venkatappayya,Pattabhi Seetaramaiah, Ponaka Kanakamma, Dokka SitammaNotes coming
    6. Grandhlaya MovementNotes coming
    7. Ayyanka Venkataratnam, Gadicherla Harisarvothamarao, Kasinanathuni Nagesvara RaoNotes coming
    8. Potti SreeramuluNotes coming
  14. Formation of Andhra State,1953- Emergence of Andhra Pradesh,1956…Asked in 2020, 2017Notes
    1. Formation of Andhra State,1953- Emergence of Andhra Pradesh,1956- Andhra Pradesh 1956 to2014- Causes for Bifurcation, 2 June 2014 ImpactNotes
  15. Andhra PradeshAsked in 2023, 2020, 2017, 2015, 2011Notes
    1. Bifurcation of Andhra Pradesh and its impact on Administrative, Economic, Social, Political, Cultural and Legal ImplicationsNotes
    2. Loss of Capital City, Building of New Capital and its financial ImplicationsNotes
    3. Division of Employees and their Native IssuesNotes
    4. Effect of Bifurcation on Trade& Commerce, IndustryNotes
    5. Implication of Financial Resources of State GovernmentNotes
    6. Developmental OpportunitiesNotes coming
    7. Socio-Economic, Cultural and Demographic impact of BifurcationNotes
    8. Impact on River water sharing and other link issuesNotes
    9. Andhra Pradesh Reorganization Act.2014- the Arbitrariness of certain provisionsNotes
  16. Geography: India and Andhra PradeshNotes coming
  17. Physical Features and ResourcesAsked in 2023, 2020, 2017, 2011
    1. Major land forms, Climatic changes, Soil types, Rivers, Water, Streams, Geology, Rocks, Mineral Resources, Metals, Clays, Construction Materials, Reservoirs, DamsNotes
    2. Forests, Mountains, Hills, Flora and fauna, Plateau Forests, Hill Forests, Vegetation ClassificationNotes
  18. Economic GeographyAsked in 2017, 2015, 2011
    1. Agriculture, Live stocks, Forestry, Fishery, Quarrying, Mining, House hold Manufacturing, IndustriesNotes coming
    2. Agro, Mineral, Forest, Fuel and man power, Trade and Commerce, Communication, Road Transport, Storage and othersNotes coming
  19. Social GeographyAsked in 2020, 2017, 2015, 2011
    1. Population Movements and Distribution, Human Habitations, Density, Age, Sex, Rural, Urban, Race, Caste, Tribe, Religion, Linguistic, Urban Migration, Education CharacteristicsNotes
  20. Fauna and Floral Geography
    1. Wild Animals, Animals, Birds, Reptiles, Mammals, Trees and Plants and othersNotes coming
  21. Environmental GeographyAsked in 2023
    1. Sustainable Development, Globalization, Temperature, Humidity, Cloudiness, Winds, Special Weather Phenomena, Natural HazardsNotes
    2. Earth Quakes, Land Slides, Floods, Cyclones, Cloud Burst, Disaster Management, Impact Assessment, Environmental Pollution, Pollution ManagementNotes coming
  22. APPSC Group I Mains Revised Paper III – Polity, Constitution, Governance, Law And EthicsNotes
  23. (A) Indian Polity and Constitution:Notes
  24. Indian Constitution and its salient featuresAsked in 2020, 2011Notes
    1. Functions and duties of the Indian Union and the State GovernmentsNotes
  25. Issues and challenges pertaining to the Federal structureAsked in 2023, 2020, 2011
    1. Role of Governor in StatesNotes coming
    2. Distribution of powers between the Union and States (Union list, State list and Concurrent list)Notes
    3. Issues and challengesNotes coming
  26. Rural and Urban Local Governance under 73 and 74 Constitutional…Asked in 2023, 2020Notes
    1. Rural and Urban Local Governance under 73 and 74 Constitutional Amendment Constitutional Authorities and their RoleNotes coming
  27. Parliament and State LegislaturesNotes
    1. Structure, functioning, conduct of business, powers & privileges and issues arising out of theseNotes
  28. Judiciary in IndiaAsked in 2023, 2020, 2017
    1. Structure and functions, important provisions relating to emergency and constitutional amendments, judicial review, Public Interest LitigationNotes
  29. (B) Public Administration and Governance:Notes
  30. Meaning, Nature and Scope of Public AdministrationAsked in 2023, 2020
    1. Evolution in IndiaNotes coming
    2. Administrative ideas in Kautilya’s ArthashastraNotes
    3. Mughal administrationNotes
    4. Legacy of British ruleNotes
  31. Government policies and interventions for development in various…Asked in 2017Notes
    1. Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues and problems of implementationNotes
  32. Development processes – the role of civil society, NGOs and other stakeholders –Notes
  33. Statutory, regulatory and various quasi-judicial authoritiesAsked in 2020
    1. Role of Civil Services in DemocracyNotes
  34. Good governance and e-governanceAsked in 2023Notes
    1. Transparency, accountability and responsiveness in governanceNotes
    2. Citizen’s CharterNotes
    3. RTI, Public Service Act and their implications, Concept of Social Audit and its importanceNotes
  35. (C). Ethics in Public Service and knowledge of lawAsked in 2023Notes
  36. Ethics and Human InterfaceAsked in 2020Notes
    1. Essence, determinants and Consequences of Ethics in Human actions: dimensions of Ethics: Ethics in Private and Public relationships, Ethics-integrity and Accountability in Public ServiceNotes
  37. Human valuesAsked in 2020Notes
    1. Understanding the Harmony in existence Human relationships in the society and in the NatureNotes
    2. Gender Equability in the relationships Role of family, society and Educational Institutions in imparting values to citizens, lessons from the lives and teachings of great leaders, reformers and administrationsNotes
  38. AttitudeAsked in 2023, 2020
    1. Content, Functions, its influence and relation with thought and behaviour, Moral and Political attitudes, role of Social influence and persuasionNotes
    2. Emotional intelligenceNotes
    3. Concepts and their utilities and application in Administration and GovernanceNotes
  39. Concept of Public Service, “Philosophical basis of Governance…Asked in 2023, 2021, 2020Notes
    1. Concept of Public Service, “Philosophical basis of Governance professional Ethics in the light of right understanding and Vision for Holistic Technologies, Codes of Ethics, codes of Conduct, RTI, Public Service Act, Leadership Ethics, Work culture, Ethical principles with in an Organizational contentNotes coming
    2. Ethical and moral values in governance, Ethical issues in international relations, corruption, Lokpal, LokayuktaNotes
  40. Basic Knowledge of Laws in IndiaNotes
  41. Constitution of IndiaAsked in 2023, 2021, 2017, 2015, 2011Notes
    1. Nature and salient featuresNotes coming
    2. Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles of State PolicyNotes
    3. Bifurcation of powers between centre and state (state list, union list and concurrent list)Notes
    4. Powers of judiciary, executive and legislatureNotes
  42. Civil and Criminal lawsNotes
    1. Hierarchy of civil and criminal courts in IndiaNotes
    2. Difference between substantial and procedural lawsNotes
    3. Order and decreeNotes coming
    4. New developments in criminal laws, Nirbhaya ActNotes
  43. Labour LawAsked in 2020
    1. Concept of social welfare legislations in India, changing trends in employment and necessity for new labour lawsNotes
  44. Cyber LawsNotes
    1. Information Technology ActNotes
    2. Cyber Security and Cyber CrimeNotes
    3. Difficulties in determining competent jurisdiction of courts in case of cyber-crimesNotes coming
  45. Tax Laws: Laws relating to income, Profits, Wealth Tax, Corporate Tax – GSTNotes coming
  46. APPSC Group I Mains Revised PaperAsked in 2023Notes
    1. Economy And Development Of India And Andhra PradeshNotes
  47. Major Challenges of Indian EconomyAsked in 2023, 2021, 2020, 2017, 2015, 2011
    1. Inconsistent growth rate, Low growth rates of agriculture and manufacturing sectors, inflation and oil prices, current account deficit and unfavorable balance of payments, falling rupee value, growing NPAs and capital infusionNotes
    2. Money laundering and black moneyNotes
    3. Insufficient financial resources and deficiency of capital, Lack of Inclusive growth and Sustainable developmentNotes
    4. Nature, causes, consequences and solutions of these problemsNotes
  48. Resource Mobilization in Indian EconomyAsked in 2023, 2020, 2015
    1. Sources of financial resources for public and private sectorsNotes
    2. Budgetary resourcesNotes coming
    3. Tax revenue and non-tax revenueNotes
    4. Public debt : market borrowings, loans and grants etc., external debt from multilateral agenciesNotes
    5. Foreign institutional investment and foreign direct investmentNotes
    6. Desirability and consequences of utilizing different sourcesNotes coming
    7. Monetary and fiscal policiesNotes
    8. Financial markets and institutions of developmental financeNotes
    9. Investment in industries and infrastructure projectsNotes
    10. Physical resourcesNotes coming
    11. Energy resourcesNotes
  49. Resource mobilization in Andhra PradeshAsked in 2020, 2011Notes
    1. Budgetary resources and constraintsNotes coming
    2. Fulfillment of the conditions of A.P Bifurcation ActNotes coming
    3. Central assistance and issues of conflictNotes coming
    4. Public debt and projects of external assistanceNotes
    5. Physical resourcesNotes coming
    6. Mineral and forest resourcesNotes
    7. Water disputes with neighboring statesNotes
  50. Government BudgetingAsked in 2023, 2021, 2017, 2011
    1. Structure of Government budget and its componentsNotes
    2. Budgeting process and recent changesNotes
    3. Types of budgetNotes coming
    4. Types of deficits, their impact and managementNotes coming
    5. Highlights of current year’s union budget and its analysisNotes
    6. GST and related issuesNotes coming
    7. Central assistance to statesNotes coming
    8. Issues of federal finance in IndiaNotes coming
    9. Recommendations of the latest finance commissionNotes
  51. Government budgeting in Andhra PradeshAsked in 2023, 2020, 2017, 2011Notes
    1. Budget constraintsNotes coming
    2. Central assistance and issues of conflict after bifurcation of the stateNotes
    3. Management of deficitsNotes coming
    4. Highlights and Analysis of the current year budgetNotes
    5. State finance commission and local finance in Andhra PradeshNotes
  52. Inclusive GrowthAsked in 2023, 2021, 2020, 2017, 2015, 2011
    1. Meaning of inclusionNotes
    2. Causes of exclusion in IndiaNotes coming
    3. Strategies for and instruments of inclusion : Poverty alleviation and employment , Health and Education, women empowerment, social welfare schemesNotes
    4. Food Security and Public Distribution SystemNotes
    5. Sustainable agricultureNotes
    6. Integrated Rural developmentNotes
    7. Regional diversificationNotes coming
    8. Public and partnership for inclusive growthNotes
    9. Financial inclusion All Andhra Pradesh government’s current schemes for inclusive growth and financial inclusionNotes
    10. Public Distribution system and DWCRANotes
  53. Agricultural Development:Notes
  54. Role of agriculture in economic development
    1. Contribution of to GDPNotes coming
    2. Issues of finance, production, marketingNotes
    3. Green revolution and changing focus to dryland farming, organic farming and sustainable agricultureNotes
    4. Minimum support pricesNotes
    5. Agriculture policyNotes
    6. Swaminathan commissionNotes
    7. Rainbow revolutionNotes
  55. Agriculture Development in Andhra PradeshAsked in 2023, 2020Notes
    1. Contribution to SGDPNotes coming
    2. Regional disparities in irrigation and agricultural developmentNotes coming
    3. Changing cropping patternNotes
    4. Focus on horticulture and fisheries and dairyingNotes coming
    5. Government schemes to promote agriculture in Andhra PradeshNotes
  56. Industrial Development and PolicyAsked in 2023, 2020, 2017, 2015Notes
    1. Role of industrial sector in economic developmentNotes
    2. Evolution of industrial policy since independenceNotes
    3. Industrial Policy, 1991 and its impact on Indian economyNotes
    4. Contribution of Public Sector to industrial development in IndiaNotes
    5. Impact of liberalization and privatization and globalization on industrial developmentNotes
    6. Disinvestment and privatizationNotes coming
    7. Problems of core industriesNotes
    8. Micro, small and medium enterprises, their problems and policyNotes
    9. Industrial sickness and support mechanismNotes
    10. Manufacturing policyNotes
    11. Make-in IndiaNotes
    12. Start up programmeNotes
    13. NIMZsNotes coming
    14. SEZs, industrial corridorsNotes
  57. Industrial Policy of the AP GovernmentAsked in 2023, 2020, 2017, 2011Notes
    1. Incentives to industriesNotes coming
    2. Industrial corridors in and SEZs in Andhra PradeshNotes
    3. Bottlenecks for industrial developmentNotes coming
    4. Power projectsNotes coming
  58. Infrastructure in IndiaAsked in 2023, 2021, 2020, 2017, 2011
    1. Transport infrastructure : Ports, Roads, Airports, RailwaysNotes
    2. Major projects of transport infrastructure in IndiaNotes
    3. Communication infrastructureNotes
    4. Information TechnologyNotes
    5. E-governanceNotes coming
    6. Digital IndiaNotes
    7. Energy and PowerNotes
    8. Urban infrastructureNotes
    9. Smart citiesNotes
    10. Urban environmentNotes
    11. Solid waste managementNotes
    12. Weather forecast and disaster managementNotes
    13. Issues of finance, ownership, operation and maintenance of all kinds of infrastructureNotes
    14. Public-private partnership and related issuesNotes
    15. Pricing of public utilities and government policyNotes
    16. Environmental impacts of infrastructure projectsNotes
  59. Infrastructure Development in Andhra PradeshAsked in 2020Notes
    1. Transport , Energy and ICT infrastructureNotes
    2. BottlenecksNotes coming
    3. Government policyNotes
    4. Ongoing projectsNotes coming
  60. Mains Revised Paper — V — Science and TechnologyNotes
  61. Integration of Science, Technology and Innovation for better human lifeAsked in 2023, 2020, 2017, 2015, 2011
    1. Science & Technology in everyday lifeNotes
    2. National Policies on proliferation of Science, Technology and InnovationNotes
    3. India’s contribution in the field of Science and TechnologyNotes
    4. Concerns and challenges in the proliferation and use of science and technologyNotes
    5. Role and Scope of Science and Technology in nation buildingNotes
    6. Major Scientific institutes for Science and technology in AP and IndiaNotes
    7. Major Scientific Institutes for Research and Development in AP and IndiaNotes
    8. Achievements of Indian Scientist in the field of Science and TechnologyNotes
    9. Indigenous technologies and developing new technologiesNotes
  62. Information and Communication Technology (ICT)Asked in 2021, 2020
    1. Its importance, advantages and challengesNotes coming
    2. E-governance and IndiaNotes coming
    3. Cyber Crime and policies to address security concernsNotes
    4. Government of India Policy on Information Technology (IT)Notes
    5. IT Development in AP and IndiaNotes coming
  63. Indian Space Programme – Past, Present and FutureAsked in 2023, 2021, 2020, 2017
    1. Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO)Notes
    2. It’s activities and achievementsNotes coming
    3. Satellite Programmes of India and Use of Satellites in different fields like Health, Education, Communication Technology, Weather forecasting affecting human livesNotes coming
    4. Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO)Notes
  64. Indian’s energy needs, efficiency and resourcesAsked in 2023, 2021, 2020, 2017Notes
    1. Clean energy resourcesNotes
    2. Energy policy of India – Government Policies and ProgrammesNotes
    3. Conventional and Non – Conventional energy resourcesNotes
    4. Energy demands, Indian Energy Sciences, Conventional energy powers, Thermal, renewable energy resources, Solar, wind, Bio and wasted based, energy policies Geothermal and Tidel Sources, energy Policies in India, energy securityNotes
    5. Salient features of Nuclear Policy of IndiaNotes
    6. Development of Nuclear programmes in India, Nuclear Policies at the International level and India’s stand on themNotes
  65. Development Vs. Nature / EnvironmentAsked in 2023, 2021, 2020, 2017, 2015, 2011Notes
    1. Depletion of Natural ResourcesNotes
    2. Metals, MineralsNotes
    3. Conservation PolicyNotes
    4. Environmental Pollution Natural and Anthropogenic and Environmental degradationNotes
    5. Sustainable Development — possibilities and challengesNotes coming
    6. Climate Change and Its effect on the worldNotes
    7. Climate justice — a global phenomenonNotes
    8. Environment Impact Assessment, Natural DisastersNotes
    9. Cyclones, Earth Quakes, Landslides& TsunamisNotes coming
    10. Prediction ManagementNotes coming
    11. Correlation between Health & Environment, Social Forestry, Afforestation and deforestation, Mining in AP and IndiaNotes
    12. Types of Natural resources- renewable and NonrenewableNotes
    13. Forest resourcesNotes
    14. Fishery resourcesNotes coming
    15. Fossil Fuels- Coal, Petroleum and Natural GasNotes
    16. Mineral resourcesNotes
    17. Water resources — Types, Water shed managementNotes
    18. Land resources — types of soils and soil reclamationNotes
  66. Environmental pollution and Solid waste managementAsked in 2023, 2021, 2020, 2017, 2011
    1. Sources, impacts and control ofNotes coming
    2. Air pollution, water pollution and soil pollutionNotes
    3. Noise pollutionNotes
    4. Solid waste managementNotes
    5. Types of solid waste, impacts of solid waste, recycling and reuseNotes
    6. Remedial measurers for Soil erosion and Costal erosionNotes
    7. Global Environmental issues and role of information Technology in Environment and Human Health, Ozone layer depletion, Acid rainNotes
    8. Global Warming and its impactsNotes
    9. Environmental legislation: International Law, Montreal protocol, Kyoto protocol, United Nations Framework Convention on Climate change, CITES. The Environment ( Protection) act 1986, Forest conservation Act, Wildlife protection actNotes
    10. Biodiversity Bill of IndiaNotes coming
    11. Cop 21Notes coming
    12. Sustainable Development GoalsNotes
    13. National Disaster Management Policy, 2016 of India and Disaster management initiatives in IndiaNotes
    14. White Revolution, Green Revolution, and Green PharmacyNotes
  67. Nature, Scope and Applications of Biotechnology and Nanotechnology in IndiaNotes
    1. Ethical, Social and Legal concerns, Government policiesNotes
    2. Genetic engineering, issues related to it and its impact on human lifeNotes
    3. Biodiversity, fermentation, Immuno – diagnosis techniquesNotes
  68. Human diseases-microbial infectionsAsked in 2023, 2020, 2017, 2011
    1. Common infections and preventive measuresNotes coming
    2. Introduction to bacterial, viral, protozoal and fungal infectionsNotes coming
    3. Basic knowledge of infections-diarrhoea, dysentry, cholera, tuberculosis, malaria, viral infections like HIV, Encephalitis, Chikungunya, bird flu-preventive measures during out breaksNotes coming
    4. Introduction to Genetic Engineering and BiotechnologyNotes
    5. Basic concepts of genetic engineeringNotes
    6. Tissue culture methods and applicationsNotes
    7. Biotechnology in agricultureNotes
    8. Bio- pesticides, Bio-fertilizers, Bio-fuels, Genetically modified cropsNotes
    9. Animal husbandry– transgenic animalsNotes
    10. Vaccines: Introduction to immunity, Fundamental concepts in vaccination, Production of Modern Vaccines (production of Hepatitis vaccine)Notes
  69. Issues related to Intellectual Property Rights in the field of Science and TechnologyAsked in 2023, 2020Notes
    1. Promotion of Science in AP and IndiaNotes