General Studies-IV

Detailed Notes for CGPCS Mains Paper IV Notes-Science and Environment

Section-1: CHEMISTRY

1. Rate of chemical reaction and chemical elqulibruimNotes
   1. Preliminary knowledge of rate of chemical reactionNotes
2. Fast and slow chemical reactionsAsked in 2016, 2015, 2014Notes
   1. Reversible and irreversible chemical reactionsNotes
   2. Reversible reaction and dynamic nature of equilibriumNotes coming
3. Acids and bases. pH scale [simple numerical questionsNotes
4. Exothermic and endothermic reactionsAsked in 2015Notes
5. Some important chemcial compounds - properties and usesNotes
6. Method of production manufacture [water, washing soda, baking soda bleaching powderNotes
7. and plaster of Paris.] preparation of building material-lime cement glass and steelNotes
8. Metals - Position of metals in the periodic table and general properties. MetalAsked in 2021, 2020, 2015, 2014Notes
9. mineralNotes
10. ore. Difference between mineral and oreNotes
11. Metallurgy concentration, roasting, smeltingAsked in 2019Notes
12. refining of oresNotes
13. Metallurgy of copperNotes
14. and IronNotes
15. corrosion of metalsNotes
16. AlloysNotes
17. Nonmetals - Position of nonmetals in the periodic tableNotes
18. Preparation properties and uses of HydrogenNotes
19. oxygenNotes
20. and nitrogenNotes
21. Some important organic compoundsNotes
22. laboratory method of preparing alcoholAsked in 2017, 2015Notes
23. and acetic acidNotes
24. properties and uses some general artifical polymers, polytheneNotes
25. polyvinyl cholorideNotes
26. TeflonNotes
27. soap and detergentsNotes
28. The Rate of a Chemical ReactionNotes

SECTION 02 - PHYSICS

1. Source of solar energy, causes of origin of energy in the Sun, solar…Notes
   1. Source of solar energy, causes of origin of energy in the Sun, solar heating devices, solar cooker solar cellNotes coming

ideal fuel properties of ideal fuel

1. Nuclear energy,nuclear Fission, Fusion, chain reactionAsked in 2023Notes
2. nuclear reactorNotes
3. uses and harms of nuclear energyNotes
4. General information about CREDANotes
5. IghtAsked in 2022, 2021, 2019, 2016, 2013Notes
   1. Nature of light reflection of light, laws of reflection, reflection from plane and curved surface, image formation by plane convex and concave mirrorNotes
6. relation between focal length and redius of curvatureAsked in 2021Notes
7. Determination of focal length of concave miror by single pin method.…Notes
   1. Determination of focal length of concave miror by single pin method. [Relation between u-v-f [numerical examplesNotes
8. Refraction of light - laws of refraction, refraction by glass slab, critical angleNotes
9. Total internal reflection, use of total internal reflection in daily…Asked in 2014Notes
   1. Total internal reflection, use of total internal reflection in daily life. lens [converging and diverging lensNotes
   2. Definition focal length optical centre image formation by lensNotes coming
10. Human eye, its defects and remedies. Comparison between photographic camera and human eyeAsked in 2013Notes
11. Simple telescope and astronomical telescope, Construction working…Asked in 2016, 2013Notes
    1. Simple telescope and astronomical telescope, Construction working, uses, ray diagram [no formula derivation]Notes
12. Electricity and its effects -electric intensity, potential, potential differenceAsked in 2023, 2018Notes
13. Electric curent Ohm’s lawAsked in 2021Notes
    1. Resistance specfic resistance, influencing factors, combination of resistance and related numerical examplesNotes coming
14. Thermal effect of current it’s use, calculation of power and…Asked in 2012Notes
    1. Thermal effect of current it’s use, calculation of power and electrical energy spent. (numerical)Notes
15. precautions observed in electric experiments. Chemical effects of electric currentNotes
16. Primary and secondary cells their properties and drawbackAsked in 2017, 2014Notes
17. Leclanche cell, dry cell, lead accumulator cell, construction.Magnetic effect of currentAsked in 2017, 2013Notes
    1. Magnetic effete of current, Oersted experimentNotes coming
18. electro magnetic induction, electric motorNotes
19. working principle and use of generatorNotes
20. general studies of alternating current and direct currentAsked in 2013Notes
21. electric discharge in gases, discharge tube, cathode rays, X-rays and their propertiesAsked in 2020Notes
22. Magnetism - Magnet and it’s types artificial magnetNotes
23. methods of preparing magnets, molecular theory of magnetism, demagnetizationNotes
24. Magnetic keepers, magnetic lines of force and their propertiesAsked in 2014, 2012Notes
    1. Plotting the lines of force Terrestriel magnetismNotes
25. magnetic storm. Magnetic meridian geographical meridiaan, relation between VHI and Notes

SECTION 03 - BIOLOGY

1. Animal nutritionNotes
   1. Types of nutition, Autotrophic Nutrition, neterotrophic Nutrition, Holozoic, Parasitic, Saphrophytic, ‘symbiotic, InsectivoronsNotes coming
   2. Important terms of nutrition processNotes
   3. Digestion in unicellulor cellanimal [amoeba] and multicellulor animal grass hopperNotes coming
2. Human digestive system and digestive processAsked in 2021, 2013Notes
3. Photosynthesis, amin steps of the process. light reaction and dark reactionAsked in 2021, 2013Notes
4. Factors influencing Photosynthesis. Experiments related to photo synthesisNotes

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1. Respiration - Definition, respiratory organs of animals breathing and respirationAsked in 2016Notes
2. Types of respiration, Aerobic and anaerobic respirationNotes
3. respiratory system of human being and mechanism of respirationAsked in 2012Notes
4. respiratory quotient [RQ] of carbohydrate, fat and proteinNotes
5. Transport-Transport of mineral and water in plants and animals [in context of humanAsked in 2020, 2019Notes
6. eing]Notes
7. Composition and function of bloodNotes coming
8. Structure and working of heart, structure and function of blood…Asked in 2018Notes
   1. Structure and working of heart, structure and function of blood vessels [preliminary knowledge]Notes
9. coagulation of blood, blood group, blood transfusionNotes
10. blood bank, function of lymph systemNotes
11. diseases related to heartNotes
12. Exceretion - excretion in plants and excretory productNotes
    1. Excretion in animal and excretory organsNotes
13. Excretion system of man and excretion process [general information]…Notes
    1. Excretion system of man and excretion process [general information] artifical kidney dialysisNotes
14. OsmoregulationNotes
15. Diseases related to kidneyAsked in 2013Notes
16. Control and coordination - coordination in plants and naimal PhytoharmonesNotes
17. Nervous system of human beingAsked in 2021Notes
18. Structure and function of human Brain and spinal cordNotes
19. , reflex actionNotes
20. endocringe glands harmone and their functionNotes
21. Reproduction and growth - type of reproductionNotes
22. Asexual reproduction fission, budding, regeneration, vegetative…Asked in 2019, 2017Notes
    1. Asexual reproduction fission, budding, regeneration, vegetative reproduction, layering, cutting, grafting, Porthenogenesis, sexual reproduction in plantsNotes
23. Structure of flower and reproduction process [general information]…Notes
    1. Structure of flower and reproduction process [general information] pollination fertilizationNotes
24. Human reproductive system and reproduction processNotes
25. Heredity and evolutionAsked in 2015, 2014Notes
    1. Heredity and variation. basis of heredity chromosome and DNA [preliminary information] gene. sex determination priliminary knowledge of organic evolution [Oparin’s theory only]Notes coming

SECTION 04 - TECHNOLOGY

1. National policy of science and technology and changes in the policy from time to timeAsked in 2015Notes
2. purpose of technologyNotes
3. Space programme in India and its applications with special reference…Asked in 2019Notes
   1. Space programme in India and its applications with special reference to industrial, agricultural and other rural developmental activities, INSAT and IRS systemsNotes coming
4. Role of Information Technology in Rural India, basic knowledge of…Asked in 2022, 2019, 2018, 2017, 2015, 2014Notes
   1. Role of Information Technology in Rural India, basic knowledge of computers, computers in communication and broadcasting, software development for economic growthNotes
5. Broad applications of ITNotes
6. Energy Resources : Energy demands, renewable and nonrenewable energy resourcesAsked in 2022Notes
7. nuclear energy, the development and its utilization in the countryNotes
8. Current Science & Technology developments in IndiaNotes
9. Origin of agriculture, Progress of Agricultural Science and its…Notes
   1. Origin of agriculture, Progress of Agricultural Science and its impacts, Crop science in IndiaNotes
10. FertilizersNotes
11. Control of pests and disease scenario in IndiaNotes

SECTION 05 - ENVIRONMENT

1. Bio-diversity and its conservation - General introductionNotes
2. Topological and Nontopological conservationAsked in 2013Notes
3. Enviromental pollutionNotes
   1. Reason effect and conservationNotes coming
   2. Air pollution, water pollution, see pollution, soil pollution, sound/noise pollution, thermal pollution, nuclear pollutionNotes
4. Solid waste managment - Urban and Industrial solid waste managementAsked in 2021, 2020, 2019, 2018, 2014, 2013Notes
   1. Reason, effect and controlNotes
5. Disaster ManagementNotes
6. FloodsNotes
7. EarthquakeNotes
8. Cyclones and LandslideNotes
9. Human Population and EnvironmentNotes
10. Population growthNotes
11. Variation in the population in various countriesNotes
12. Population explosion and Family Welfare ProgrammeAsked in 2015Notes
13. Human role in pollution control, Environment and Human healthAsked in 2020, 2017Notes