Article 3 of the Constitution empowers Parliament to form a new State, increase or diminish the area of any State, or alter the boundaries or the name of any State. Article 4(2) clarifies that any law made under Article 2 (admission or establishment of new States) or Article 3 shall not be deemed to be an amendment of the Constitution for the purposes of Article 368. This implies that such a law can be passed by a simple majority of Parliament (i.e., a majority of the members present and voting). Ratification by the states is not required.