- Dispersion is the splitting of white light into its constituent colours when it passes through a prism. - This occurs because the refractive index of the prism material is different for different wavelengths (colours) of light; this phenomenon is called refraction. - The deviation angle for a given colour depends on the refractive index for that colour. - Violet light has the shortest wavelength and the highest refractive index in glass, causing it to bend the most. - Red light has the longest wavelength and the lowest refractive index in glass, causing it to bend the least.