The origin of a new species, speciation, fundamentally requires the evolution of reproductive isolation between populations. For divergence to occur and lead to reproductive isolation, the populations need to stop exchanging genes freely. Isolation, particularly geographic isolation (allopatry), is often considered the most significant factor that initiates the process of speciation by preventing gene flow between populations. Once populations are isolated, they can diverge genetically due to mutation, genetic drift, and/or natural selection acting differently in their respective environments. This divergence can eventually lead to reproductive isolation.
Among living organisms, which one of the following is the most responsible factor for bringing about the origin of a new species?
Asked in UPPCS Prelims 2002 · Topic: Evolution of Life (Speciation: Modes of speciation (allopatric, sympatric), reproductive isolation mechanisms.)
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