- Azolla is an aquatic fern that harbors a symbiotic cyanobacterium, Anabaena azollae, within cavities in its fronds. - The cyanobacteria are capable of fixing atmospheric nitrogen (N2) into ammonia (NH3), a form usable by plants. - This fixed nitrogen is utilized by the Azolla fern for its growth, and when Azolla decomposes or is incorporated into the soil (particularly in rice paddies), the fixed nitrogen becomes available to the crop plants.