- Bollgard I and Bollgard II are trade names for genetically modified (GM) cotton seeds developed by Monsanto (now part of Bayer). - These technologies involve introducing genes from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) into the cotton plant's genome. - The Bt genes (specifically cry1Ac in Bollgard I and cry1Ac and cry2Ab in Bollgard II) produce proteins that are toxic to certain insect pests, particularly the cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera) and other lepidopteran pests. - This genetic modification makes the cotton plant resistant to these pests, reducing the need for chemical insecticides and improving yields. This is a classic example of genetic modification for pest resistance in crops.
Bollgard I and Bollgard II technologies are mentioned in the context of
Asked in UPSC IAS 2021 · Topic: Main Plant Diseases (Role of Breeding and Biotechnology in Disease Resistance)
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Answer: B. developing genetically modified crop plants
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