Budding and grafting in fruit plants: These are methods of asexual (vegetative) propagation used to combine traits from different plants or propagate desired varieties. They do not involve introducing foreign genes to create a transgenic organism. This is not used to create transgenic crops. 2. Cytoplasmic male sterility: While CMS itself is a biological phenomenon used in hybrid breeding, genetic engineering techniques can be used to introduce or restore male sterility genes (like the barnase/barstar system), thereby creating transgenic plants with engineered CMS. In this context, the concept is linked to the creation of transgenics for breeding purposes. 3. Gene silencing: Techniques like RNA interference (RNAi) are methods of gene silencing where the expression of a specific gene is inhibited.

Asked in UPPCS Prelims 1999 · Topic: Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs): Transgenic Plants and Animals)

1. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
2. Both A and R are true, but R is not a correct explanation of A
3. A is true, but R is false
4. A is false, but R is true

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