- B+ Tree Structure: Non-leaf nodes in a B+ tree have a minimum and maximum number of children, dictated by the tree's order (`n`). This ensures balanced structure for efficient searching. - Clustering Index: Determines the physical order of data records. While often the primary key, it's not exclusively so. Other attributes can be used if they provide a logical clustering. - Dense Index: An index where an entry exists for every search-key value in the data file. This is mandatory for secondary indices to ensure all records are addressable. - Sparse Index: An index where entries exist only for some search-key values.