- Statement 1 is incorrect. The 'Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air' is one of the three supplementary protocols to the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (UNTOC) (2000), not the United Nations Convention against Corruption (UNCAC). - Statement 2 is correct. The United Nations Convention against Corruption (UNCAC), adopted in 2003 and entered into force in 2005, is the first legally binding global anti-corruption instrument. It covers a broad range of corruption acts and calls for various preventive and criminalization measures. - Statement 3 is incorrect. While asset recovery is a significant part of combating transnational organized crime and corruption, a specific and dedicated chapter aimed primarily at the return of assets to rightful owners is a key highlight of the United Nations Convention against Corruption (UNCAC) (Chapter V), not UNTOC. UNTOC deals with general aspects of organized crime but is less focused on specific asset recovery mechanisms compared to UN‐ CAC. - Statement 4 is correct. The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) serves as the guardian and secretariat for both the United Nations Convention against Corruption (UNCAC) and the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (UNTOC), and it is mandated by its member states to assist in their implementation.
Consider the following statements: 1. The United Nations Convention against Corruption (UNCAC) has a 'Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air'. 2. The UNCAC is the ever-first legally binding global anti-corruption instrument. 3. A highlight of the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (UNTOC) is the inclusion of a specific chapter aimed at returning assets to their rightful owners from whom they had been taken illicitly. 4. The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) is mandated by its member States to assist in the implementation of both UNCAC and UNTOC. Which of the statements given above are correct?
Asked in UPSC IAS 2019 · Topic: The Governance System (Transparency and Accountability in Governance)
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