Statement (a) is incorrect because the protection against double jeopardy (Article 20(2)) applies to prosecution and punishment by a court of law or a judicial tribunal, not typically to departmental or disciplinary proceedings. Statement (c) is incorrect as the protection against self-incrimination (Article 20(3)) applies only to criminal proceedings, where a person is accused of an offence, and not to civil proceedings. Statement (b) is correct as the protection against self-incrimination covers compelled testimonial evidence, which can be in oral or documentary form.
Consider the following statements: (a) No person shall be prosecuted and punished for the same offence more than once, including any departmental proceedings. (b) The protection against self-incrimination extends to both oral evidence and documentary evidence. (c) The protection against self-incrimination extends to both criminal and civil proceedings.
Asked in MPSC CS Prelims 2022 · Topic: Fundamental Rights (Right to Freedom (Articles 19-22), including Right to Life and Personal Liberty (Article 21))
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