The ARIES recovery algorithm is a widely used database recovery technique. It consists of three passes: 1. Analysis Pass This pass reads the log to identify all transactions that were active at the time of the crash and to determine the dirty pages that need to be restored. 2. Redo Pass This pass re- applies the changes from the log for all transactions that were committed before the crash. This ensures that all committed changes are present in the database. 3. Undo Pass This pass undoes the changes made by transactions that were not committed at the time of the crash. This brings the database back to a consistent state.