The concept of women enjoying equality with men in the modern sense was not prevalent during the Gupta Age or the Mauryan Age. Historical evidence suggests that while women in the Early Vedic period (before the Mauryan and Gupta periods) enjoyed a relatively higher status with some participation in religious and public life, their position generally declined in the later Vedic period and continued to decline during the Mauryan and especially the Gupta periods, with increasing restrictions on their freedom, education, and legal rights.