- BOD is a measure of the amount of dissolved oxygen needed by aerobic biological organisms to break down organic material present in a water sample. - A high BOD means there is a large amount of organic matter in the water. - Microbes (bacteria and other microorganisms) consume oxygen as they decompose this organic matter. - Therefore, high BOD signifies a high concentration of biodegradable organic pollution, which leads to high microbial activity and oxygen consumption.