Demographic transition stages: - Stage I (High Stationary): High birth & death rates. - Stage II (Early Expanding): High birth, falling death rates (rapid growth). - Stage III (Late Expanding): Falling birth rates, falling death rates (slower growth). - Stage IV (Low Stationary): Low birth & death rates (slow or zero growth). - Stage V (Declining): Birth rates below death rates (population decline). India's declining fertility rates (birth rates) but still significant overall population size and a large base of young people entering reproductive age place it in the Late Expanding stage.