Land reform programs in India after independence aimed at correcting the historical inequities in land distribution and exploitative agrarian structures. The key objectives included: A) Rent regulation: Fixing maximum rents to protect tenants from exorbitant demands by landlords. B) Land ceiling: Imposing limits on the maximum size of landholdings to redistribute surplus land among landless laborers and marginal farmers. C) Tenancy security: Providing legal security to tenants against arbitrary eviction and granting them rights, sometimes leading to ownership. D) Abolition of intermediaries: Land reforms explicitly aimed at abolishing the zamindari system and other forms of intermediaries who stood between the state and the actual cultivators, thereby reducing or eliminating their power, not increasing it. Therefore, increasing the power of intermediaries was precisely what land reforms sought to dismantle.