Global warming is largely caused by increased atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases, particularly CO₂, resulting from human activities. The ocean acts as a significant sink for atmospheric CO₂, absorbing about a quarter of the anthropogenic emissions. When CO₂ dissolves in seawater, it reacts with water to form carbonic acid (H₂CO₃). Carbonic acid then dissociates, releasing hydrogen ions (H⁺), which lowers the pH of the water, making