- Karshapana was an ancient Indian coin mentioned in various texts, including the Rigveda, Brahmanas, Sutras, and later literature like the Manusmriti and Arthashastra. - It was typically a silver coin weighing around 32 ratis (approx. 3.5 grams), but varieties in copper and gold also existed. - Karshapana was a prominent unit of currency during the Mahajanapada period, the Mauryan period, and thereafter.