- Agrarian Settlements (like Permanent Settlement, Ryotwari, Mahalwari) often led to excessive revenue demands, peasant impoverishment, land alienation, and disruption of traditional systems, contributing to frequent famines and sparking peasant uprisings and rebellions. - The Divide and Rule policy, by promoting communal divisions (especially between Hindus and Muslims), was a major factor contributing to the circumstances that led to the Partition of India in 1947. - The policy of largely excluding educated Indians from higher administrative and military posts created dissatisfaction and alienation among the burgeoning Indian middle class, who felt denied legitimate opportunities and representation. - The continuous Wars and Conquests undertaken by the British in India and abroad (using Indian resources and troops) led to a massive increase in expenditure borne by India, contributing significantly to the 'Home Charges' – the costs transferred from India to Britain.