- Ptyalin (salivary amylase) is an enzyme found in saliva that begins the chemical digestion of starch in the mouth. - Pepsin is a major digestive enzyme in the stomach that breaks down proteins into smaller peptides. - Renin is an enzyme released by the kidneys that initiates the renin-angiotensin system, which regulates blood pressure and fluid balance. - Oxytocin is a hormone that stimulates contractions of smooth muscles, particularly in the uterus during labor and in the mammary glands for milk ejection.