- Albert Einstein (A) was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921 for his explanation of the photoelectric effect (1). - E. O. Lawrence (B) was an American physicist who invented the cyclotron (2), a type of particle accelerator, and was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1939 for this invention. - Louis de Broglie (C) was a French physicist who proposed the theory that particles like electrons exhibit wave-like properties, known as the wave nature of electrons (3), for which he received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1929.