(a) Bimilipatam (modern Bheemunipatnam in Andhra Pradesh) was established in 1641. (b) Karaikal (modern Karikkal in Puducherry) was established in 1645. (c) Cochin was taken from the Portuguese by the Dutch in 1663, and their establishment dates from then. (d) Chinsura (modern Chandannagar in West Bengal) was established in 1653.