- Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) is a water-soluble vitamin with potent antioxidant activity. - Aspartame is a low-calorie artificial sweetener made from two amino acids: aspartic acid and phenylalanine, forming a dipeptide. - Lecithin is a class of phospholipids that are important components of cell membranes and also function as emulsifiers in food and biological systems.