The scientifically correct pairings are Louis Pasteur with vaccination and microbial fermentation, Alexander Fleming with enzyme lysozyme and benzylpenicillin, Ernest Rutherford with splitting of the atom and discovery of the proton (specifically, his work on nuclear transmutation and naming the proton), and William Konrad Roentgen with the discovery of X-Rays. Option A incorrectly pairs Pasteur with Fleming's work (c) and Fleming with Pasteur's work (d), but correctly pairs Rutherford with his work (a) and Roentgen with his work (b). This indicates a probable error in the options as presented in the source question.