Penance (Tapas) Jainism strongly emphasizes ascetic practices and penance as a means to burn off accumulated Karma and attain liberation. It is considered essential for purifying the soul and annihilating Karmic matter. 2. Soul in every object Jain philosophy believes that souls (Jiva) exist not only in humans and animals but also in plants, water bodies, air, and even subtle particles (nigodas). This belief underlies the principle of Ahimsa (non-violence) towards all forms of life. 3. Karma as bane of the soul Jainism views Karma as subtle matter that attaches to the soul, binding it to the cycle of birth, death, and suffering (samsara). The ultimate goal is to shed all Karmic matter to achieve Moksha (liberation) and attain the soul's pure state of infinite knowledge, perception, bliss, and energy. 45. In Jainism, which one of the following does not form part of tri-ratna ?

Asked in UPSC CISF AC EXE 2021 · Topic: Jain Religion (Jaina Philosophy: Anekantavada, Syadvada, Karma theory, Triratnas (Right Faith, Knowledge, Conduct))

1. Samyak panch-mahavrata
2. Samyak jnana
3. Samyak charitra
4. Samyak darshana

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