The English East India Company first attempted to establish a factory at Surat during Akbar's reign but faced Portuguese opposition. Later, Captain William Hawkins visited Jahangir's court in 1609 but could not secure permission immediately. It was Sir Thomas Roe, who came as the ambassador of King James I in 1615, who successfully obtained an imperial farman from Jahangir in 1613 (following a naval victory against the Portuguese near Surat) and further solidified British trading rights, leading to the establishment of a permanent factory at Surat.
Permission to the British to establish their trading centre at Surat was given by the Mughal Emperor
Asked in WBCS Main Paper 3 2021 · Topic: Advent of European Companies (Establishment of English factories and trading posts (Surat, Madras, Bombay, Calcutta))
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