For an ideal gas undergoing an adiabatic process (where no heat is exchanged with the surroundings, Q=0), the relationship between pressure (P) and volume (V) is given by the equation PVʸ = constant, where y (gamma) is the adiabatic index, defined as the ratio of the specific heat capacity at constant pressure (Cp) to the specific heat capacity at constant volume (Cv), i.e., y = Cp/Cv.