Samudra Gupta's military achievements and administrative policies are primarily known from the Allahabad Pillar Inscription (also known as the Prayaga Prashasti), composed by his court poet Harisena. The inscription describes four types of relationships with different categories of rulers: extermination (Prasabhoddharana) of Northern kings, liberation after capture (Grahanamokshanugraha) of Southern kings, submission and tribute from frontier kingdoms, and homage from tribal republics and foreign rulers.