The correct answer is C. planning.

Planning is the process of setting goals and objectives, and then developing strategies to achieve those goals. It involves selecting the best possible objects, policies, procedures and programmes out of available alternatives.

Coordination is the process of ensuring that all the different parts of an organization work together effectively. It involves communication, cooperation, and collaboration.

Organization is the process of creating a structure for an organization, and then assigning tasks and responsibilities to individuals. It involves creating a hierarchy, defining roles and responsibilities, and establishing communication channels.

Controlling is the process of monitoring performance and taking corrective action when necessary. It involves setting standards, measuring performance, and taking corrective action.