- Arthashastra is an ancient Indian treatise on statecraft, political science, economic policy, and military strategy. - It is attributed to Kautilya (also known as Chanakya or Vishnugupta), who was the chief advisor and Prime Minister of Chandragupta Maurya, the founder of the Mauryan Empire. - The text provides detailed instructions and principles on how a ruler should govern his state, manage the economy, conduct foreign policy, and maintain order and security.