The critical point of a pure substance is the thermodynamic state at which the liquid and vapor phases of the substance have identical properties. Beyond the critical point, the distinction between liquid and vapor disappears, and the substance exists as a supercritical fluid. Let's analyze the given statements:A) "the ice directly converts from solid phase to vapour phase." This describes sublimation, which occurs at pressures below the triple point, not the critical point. At the critical point, solid phase is not involved in the transition to vapor.B) "it has no point of inflection with zero slope." This statement is incorrect. The critical point is characterized by the absence of a distinct phase boundary. On a phase diagram (like P-T or P-v), the liquid-vapor coexistence curve ends at the critical point. At the critical point itself, the isothermal compressibility and the isobaric thermal expansion coefficients become infinite, and the isothermal P-v diagram exhibits a point of inflection with zero slope at the critical isotherm.C) "there is no constant temperature vaporization process." This statement is correct. Vaporization (boiling) at constant temperature occurs along the liquid- vapor saturation curve below the critical point. At and above the critical point, the substance exists as a single phase (supercritical fluid). To transition from a liquid-like state to a vapor-like state (or vice versa) in the supercritical region, one must change temperature and/or pressure, and there is no distinct phase transition occurring at a constant temperature. The change is continuous.D) "ice, liquid and water vapour co- exist at this point." This describes the triple point, where solid, liquid, and gaseous phases can coexist in equilibrium. The critical point involves only liquid and vapor (or more accurately, a single supercritical fluid phase).
The CORRECT statement about the characteristics of critical point of a pure substance is that - If the question has multiple statements, format using ... - For Assertion/Reason, retain 'Statement-I' and 'Statement-II' clearly. - For matching pairs, use HTML
Asked in Assistant Eng. (Mechanical) Competitive Examination, 2023 · Topic: Heat and Thermodynamics (Phase Transitions and Clausius-Clapeyron Equation)
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Answer: C. there is no constant temperature vaporization process.
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