The Earth's magnetic field at a given point is a vector quantity with both magnitude and direction. To fully describe the direction of this vector in three-dimensional space relative to the Earth's surface and geographic north, two angles are needed. Magnetic Declination is the angle in the horizontal plane between magnetic north (the direction a compass needle points) and true geographic north. Magnetic Inclination (or Dip angle) is the angle between the magnetic field vector and the horizontal plane. This angle measures how steeply the field lines dip into the Earth. Together, declination specifies the horizontal direction (azimuth), and inclination specifies the vertical angle (dip), thus defining the orientation of the magnetic field vector.
The direction of magnetic field at any location on the earth's surface is commonly specified in terms of
Asked in UPSC CDS 2 2018 · Topic: Mechanics (Newton's Laws of Motion and their applications)
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