The following are some of the items of expenditure of the Central Government in India : Interest payments 1. Major subsidies 2. Pensions 3. Loans and advances 4. Which of the above is/are included in non-plan revenue expenditure?

- Government expenditure in India is classified into Revenue Expenditure and Capital Expenditure, and traditionally also into Plan and Non-Plan Expenditure. Non-Plan Expenditure constitutes the largest part of the government's total expenditure. - Revenue Expenditure includes all those expenditures of the government that do not result in the creation of physical or financial assets. Non-Plan Revenue Expenditure covers the essential running costs of the government and various obligations. - Item 1: Interest payments on the national debt are a major component of non-plan revenue expenditure, representing the cost of borrowing. - Item 2: Major subsidies provided by the government (like food, fertilizer, petroleum) are also part of non-plan revenue expenditure, aiming at social welfare or economic support. - Item 3: Pensions paid to retired government employees are also classified as non- plan revenue expenditure. - Item 4: Loans and advances given by the Central Government to states, union territories, public sector undertakings, or other parties are typically classified as Capital Expenditure because they are financial assets for the central government (recoverable advances).