- Forex reserves reflect a country's holdings of foreign currencies, gold, SDRs, and Reserve Tranche Position in the IMF. - They increase due to net foreign currency inflows from sources like trade surplus (exports > imports), capital account surplus (FDI, FII, external borrowings, NRI deposits), and remittances. - RBI's intervention in the forex market (buying foreign currency) to prevent appreciation of the Rupee also contributes to reserve accumulation.