- Zamindars in colonial India often extracted various cesses (abwabs) from their tenants beyond the legally stipulated rent. - These cesses could be arbitrary and were a source of peasant exploitation. - 'Motorana' and 'hathiana' are examples of such illegal or customary taxes levied by zamindars.
The 'Motorana' and the 'hathiana' referred to :
Asked in UPSC CAPF 2009 · Topic: Peasant Movement and Kisan Sabha (Causes of Peasant Unrest: Land tenure systems, revenue policies, debt, and exploitation)
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Answer: B. taxes levied by zamindars on their peasants
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