Transport across biological membranes can be passive or active. Passive transport mechanisms (like diffusion and facilitated diffusion) move substances down their concentration or electrochemical gradient and do not require metabolic energy. Active transport moves substances against their gradient, requiring the cell to expend energy, usually in the form of ATP.
The movement of a substance against a diffusion gradient with the use of energy is known as
Asked in UPSC Geoscientist 2023 · Topic: Cell (Plasma Membrane: Fluid Mosaic Model, Structure, and Functions)
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