- Pyramids of biomass and number can sometimes be inverted (e.g., a pyramid of biomass in an aquatic ecosystem where the standing crop of phytoplankton is low but has a high turnover rate supporting a larger biomass of zooplankton, or a pyramid of number with a single large tree supporting many insects). - The flow of energy in an ecosystem is unidirectional and decreases at each trophic level. - Homeostasis in an ecosystem implies a state of relative stability and balance.