- Dwija translates to "twice-born". This concept is central to the Hindu varna system. - The "first birth" is the physical birth. The "second birth" is traditionally marked by the Upanayana ceremony, a sacred thread ritual, which signifies the start of Vedic studies and membership in the community of the initiated. - Only members of the Brahman, Kshatriya, and Vaishya varnas were traditionally entitled to undergo the Upanayana ceremony.