- Before modern mills, paper was made by hand in various parts of India. - Early attempts at mechanized or improved paper production in the 19th century included the Serampore venture. - The Royal Indian Paper Mills in 1862 near Kolkata is considered one of the first successful modern paper mills using imported machinery on a larger scale. However, the 1832 date aligns with one of the options and is sometimes cited for the Serampore mill associated with William Carey.