Nanostructures are classified based on the number of dimensions confined to the nanoscale. - Zero- dimensional (0D) All dimensions are in the nano- range (e.g., quantum dots). - One-dimensional (1D) One dimension is large, and two are in the nano- range (e.g., quantum wires). - Two-dimensional (2D) Two dimensions are large, and one is in the nano-range (e.g., thin films, quantum wells). - Three-dimensional (3D) All dimensions are larger than the nano-range.