Vinayak Damodar Savarkar (V.D. Savarkar) was a prominent Indian independence activist, politician, lawyer, and writer. - (i) He founded the revolutionary organization Abhinav Bharat Society in 1904. - (ii) He wrote a biography of the Italian nationalist Giuseppe Mazzini to inspire Indian revolutionaries, highlighting his methods and struggles. - (iii) He authored "The Indian War of Independence – 1857", published in 1909, which presented the revolt of 1857 as India's first war of independence, a nationalist interpretation challenging the British narrative of a mere sepoy mutiny. - (iv) In 1910, while being transported to India by the British, he famously jumped into the sea near Marseilles harbor in an attempt to escape, seeking political asylum in France, though he was recaptured.