Which of the following are associated with diabetes mellitus, a common disease in adults? I. Higher sugar level in blood II. Lower sugar level in blood III. Lower insulin level in blood IV. Higher insulin level in blood Select the correct answer by using the codes given below:

- Diabetes mellitus is characterized by hyperglycemia, meaning abnormally high levels of glucose (sugar) in the blood (Statement I is correct). - This high blood sugar is primarily due to problems with insulin, a hormone produced by the pancreas that helps glucose enter cells for energy. - In Type 1 diabetes, the pancreas produces little or no insulin (Statement III is correct). - In Type 2 diabetes, the body doesn't use insulin properly (insulin resistance), and eventually, the pancreas may not produce enough insulin to compensate. While insulin levels can be high initially in Type 2 as the body tries to overcome resistance, the underlying issue leading to hyperglycemia is insufficient effective insulin action. Thus, lower effective insulin activity is a key feature. - Lower sugar level in blood (hypoglycemia) is the opposite of hyperglycemia and is a complication of diabetes treatment, not a characteristic of the disease itself (Statement II is incorrect). - Higher insulin level in blood can be seen in some stages of Type 2 diabetes due to resistance, but lower effective insulin action is the problem, leading to high blood sugar. Statement IV can be true in some cases, but Statement III (lower insulin or lower effective insulin action) is more universally applicable as the cause of the hyperglycemia. Given the options, I and III together best describe the core issues in diabetes.