Which of the following are direct methods of adjustment by reducing dissatisfaction, tension, frustration and conflicts ? (a) Removing hurdles (b) Sublimation (c) Identification (d) Changing ways Select the correct answer by using the codes given below :

Lecturer and Coach (School Edu. Dept.) Comp. Direct methods of adjustment involve confronting and changing the external situation or one's own direct behavior to reduce dissatisfaction and conflict. Indirect methods (defense mechanisms) involve altering one's perception or emotional response without directly addressing the source of the problem. Removing hurdles and changing ways are active, problem-focused approaches, whereas sublimation and identification are emotion-focused or cognitive distortions.