Pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) is a coenzyme derived from vitamin B6 and is essential for many enzymatic reactions, particularly those involving amino acids. Its primary role is in transamination, decarboxylation, racemization, and elimination/ addition reactions. Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and flavin mononucleotide (FMN) are coenzymes derived from riboflavin (vitamin B2) and are crucial for oxidation-reduction reactions (electron transfer). Biocytin is a derivative of biotin and is a cofactor for enzymes involved in carboxylation reactions, such as acetyl-CoA carboxylase.