Gram Panchayats are the basic unit of local self- government in rural India. Their functions, as outlined in the Panchayats (Extension to the Scheduled Areas) Act, 1996, and state-specific acts, include: - Construction and maintenance of roads, drainage, wells, tanks, and other public works. - Implementing government schemes related to employment generation (e.g., MGNREGA). - Collection of local taxes, cesses, and fees. - Promotion of agriculture, animal husbandry, and cottage industries. - Maintaining sanitation and public health.Defence of boundaries of a territorial area is a responsibility of the state and central government, not a function of a Gram Panchayat.