Gross National Product (GNP) is typically calculated using the expenditure approach as the sum of consumption (C), investment (I), government spending (G), net exports (X-M), and net factor income from abroad (NFIA). GNP = C + I + G + (X - M) + NFIA - Purchase of goods by Government (G) is included. - Private investment (I) is included. - Net foreign investment income (NFIA) is included (usually implicitly covered by 'Net foreign investment' in this context, which is income earned by residents from abroad minus income earned by non- residents domestically). - Per capita income is calculated by dividing a total income figure (like GNP or GNI) by the total population. It is a measure derived from GNP, not a component used in its calculation.